What is Direct Neurofeedback?
Direct Neurofeedback (DNF) is a versatile tool for enhancing mental wellness and brain performance for individuals of all ages and animals as well. DNF works by sending gentle electromagnetic signals to the brain that briefly disrupt dysfunctional brainwaves and help the nervous system regain balance and optimal functioning. Delivered through EEG sensors on the scalp, DNF signals are imperceptible, yet highly effective for conditions including post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). DNF’s neuromodulation method also measures and records electrical signals from the scalp to optimize treatment and promote neuroplasticity, neurochemical balance and emotional regulation. Administered with FDA Class II safety-rated neurofeedback systems, DNF has minimal side effects and sessions are quick, painless, non-invasive and safe for all ages.
Who is Direct Neurofeedback For?
Direct Neurofeedback can provide benefits for emotional regulation, stress management and overall brain function, and is well-suited to those experiencing trauma, anxiety, depression, cognitive issues or challenges related to neurodivergence. DNF is also an effective treatment for animals with anxiety from mistreatment or abuse. While trauma physically alters the brain structures responsible for decision-making and emotional control, DNF helps to reset these maladaptive brain patterns and facilitate healing.
Direct Neurofeedback Research
Direct Neurofeedback has been studied since the 1990s. Building on earlier neurofeedback research, DNF has shown promise in treating trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD, ASD, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and other conditions related to the central nervous system. While complex and fluctuating symptoms make these conditions, particularly PTSD and TBI, notoriously difficult to manage, DNF’s ability to promote neuroplasticity and reset maladaptive brain patterns has been shown to improve emotional regulation, cognitive function and overall brain health (Larsen, Harrington, & Hicks, 2006; Ochs, 2006).
A study at San Diego State University found significant improvements in pain, cognitive clarity, impulsivity, and sleep among TBI participants after just a few DNF sessions (Huang, Swan, et al., 2017), and similar results have been observed in clients with anxiety, PTSD and other nervous system disorders (Duke, Yotter, et al., 2023). Studies suggest that up to 85% of humans and animals who received DNF experience noticeable improvements within one to three sessions, making DNF a promising, non-invasive treatment for a range of psychological and neurological conditions (Larsen et al., 2006; Esty, 2006; Huang et al., 2017).
What Does Direct Neurofeedback Treatment Look Like?
Most clients require 12 to 24 DNF sessions, although those with OCD, neurodivergence or extensive trauma may need more to receive the full benefits of treatment. Sessions are short, lasting about 15 minutes, and typically occur on a weekly basis. At the beginning of each session, the therapist places two small EEG sensors on the earlobes and two on the scape using a drop of saltwater or gel and conductive paste. Once the connection is established, the therapist uses software to send imperceptible signals to the brain. The equipment also allows the therapist to monitor and track the client’s brainwaves over the course of treatment. During sessions, clients simply remain seated and respond to check-ins from the therapist. While initial results may be temporary, they are often extended with continued treatment.
Direct Neurofeedback with Animals
DNF is highly effective for animals, including dogs, cats, horses, and guinea pigs. For those exhibiting anxiety, fear and maladaptive behaviors, DNF encourages the brain to reset, reducing stress and aggression. Especially among those from abusive or traumatic backgrounds, these non-invasive sessions lead to calmer, more regulated behaviors. Research has found that animal outcomes mirror human DNF results, promoting behavioral flexibility, calmness, emotional stability, and problem-solving abilities, particularly in those with a history of trauma or stress (Larsen, S., Hammond, D.C., Ochs, L., et al., 2013). DNF has shown benefits in a wide range of animals, including dogs, cats, horses, and even guinea pigs.
Animals typically require fewer sessions than humans, often seeing lasting results in just one to four sessions. However, some may need up to 12 sessions to achieve the optimum benefits. To undergo treatment, the animal must be able to tolerate wearing EEG sensors for at least one minute without posing a risk to the provider or shaking the sensors loose. In some cases, veterinarians may prescribe a mild sedative for home use. DNF can also be administered while the animal is under anesthesia for a separate veterinary procedure.
Creative Neurotherapy Collective
We are a collective of independent therapists and Direct Neurofeedback technicians specializing in neurotherapy and innovative mental health solutions. Dedicated to supporting emotional and cognitive wellness, we utilize Direct Neurofeedback and other effective brain-based techniques to help individuals achieve lasting mental health improvements. We focus on personalized care, for individuals — and animals — of all ages in a welcoming and inclusive environment, ensuring that every client receives the support they need to heal and thrive.
Lauren Stockly, LCSW, RPT-S, NPT-C, ECMHS
As a Certified Neuropsychotherapist and trauma therapist, I provide personalized neurotherapy services to help my clients heal from trauma and achieve emotional and cognitive wellness. I integrate advanced techniques such as Direct Neurofeedback, the Safe and Sound Protocol, and Photobiomodulation to help clients of all ages find lasting results. I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced complex trauma, tailoring each session to meet their unique needs. My approach is compassionate and holistic, focusing on both emotional healing and physical wellness. Services are offered at the Soultenders Child and Family Center in South Pasadena. Visit CreativePlayTherapist.com for more information or contact me at lauren.ic@soultenders.com.
Lisa Hernandez, LMFT, RPT-S
I am a Registered Play Therapist who specializes in working with children and their families to explore their feelings and implement healthy dynamics. I provide a safe, nurturing environment for children to express their emotions, resolve inner conflicts and feel understood. In addition to Play Therapy, I incorporate Direct Neurofeedback to support emotional and cognitive wellness in clients of all ages. I am dedicated to listening with care and addressing the unique needs of both children and their families. My services are offered at the Soultenders Child and Family Center in South Pasadena. Contact me at lisa.ic@soultenders.com.
Stephanie Kuehn, MA, Ph.D. Candidate
As a dedicated neurofeedback therapist, my passion lies in helping individuals reconnect with themselves and foster deep, transformative healing. I specialize in intergenerational trauma and have extensive experience working with refugees and marginalized communities. My practice focuses on addressing how trauma and emotional challenges can be passed down through generations, offering an inclusive, compassionate space for clients to feel seen, heard, and valued. I use evidence-based modalities and advanced microcurrent neurofeedback technology to support clients dealing with anxiety, depression, ADHD, Complex PTSD, and trauma-related disorders. My approach nurtures mental, emotional, and physical health, encouraging clients to explore their inner world and embark on a journey of healing and self-discovery. Services are offered in Redondo Beach. Visit stephaniemariekuehn.com for more information or contact me at info@stephaniemariekuehn.com.